The Legacy of Working Muslim Women: Challenging Stereotypes
The narrative that Muslim women are relegated solely to household duties is not only inaccurate but also overlooks the profound contributions they have made throughout history. One such exemplary figure is Fatima al-Fihri, whose legacy punctures this stereotype and showcases the significant roles Muslim women have played in education and societal advancement.
Fatima al-Fihri, a visionary Muslim woman, founded Al-Qarawiyyin University in Fez, Morocco, in 859 CE. This university is recognized by UNESCO and the Guinness World Records as the oldest continuously operating degree-granting university in the world. The establishment of this university by a woman in the 9th century highlights the prominent and pioneering role women have played in the Islamic world. Fatima al- Fihrl and her sister Maryam initially embarked on constructing the Al- Andalus Mosque which later transformed into Al-Qarawiyyin University. The construction took 18 years, during which Fatima fasted continuously until the mosque’s completion. Upon its inauguration, she was the first to enter, offering prayers of gratitude for the strength to complete the monumental task. The financial resources for these projects came from the inheritance left by their parents, who passed away when the sisters were young. Coming from a wealthy family, Fatima and Maryam chose. to use their inheritance to benefit their community and advance education. This decision underscores their commitment to social and educational development, defying the misconception that Muslim women of the time were limited to domestic roles. Al-Qarawiyyin University became a centre of learning, attracting scholars from all over the world. It was here that the first academic degree was conferred, marking a significant milestone in educational history.
Khadija bint Khuwaylid holds a prominent place in Islamic history as a successful businesswoman and the first wife of the Prophet Muhammad. She inherited and expanded her father’s business, becoming one of the wealthiest and most respected merchants in Mecca. Khadija employed many, including Muhammad, whose honesty and managerial skills impressed her and led to their marriage. Her legacy as a successful entrepreneur, devoted wife, and mother continues to inspire Muslim women to pursue their careers and contribute to society while maintaining their faith.
The stories of Fatima al-Fihri and Khadija bint Khuwaylid are just examples of the many contributions Muslim women have made beyond household work. Throughout Islamic history, women have been scholars, poets, doctors, and leaders. They have founded institutions and made significant contributions to science, literature, and politics. The contributions of women like Fatima al-Fihri and Khadija bint Khuwaylid demonstrate that the role of Muslim women has never been confined to the household. They have been pivotal in shaping the intellectual and cultural heritage of the Islamic world and beyond. This legacy continues to inspire and empower Muslim women today, challenging stereotypes and encouraging a broader understanding of their potential and achievements. Their contributions are clear examples of how women in the Islamic world have transcended traditional roles, contributing significantly to the advancement of knowledge and culture. By highlighting these historical figures, we can challenge and redefine the narratives surrounding Muslim women, recognizing their invaluable contributions to society and presenting them as an inspiration to crores of present-day Muslim women to get out of their bonds of patriarchy.
Resham Fatima, International Relations
Jawaharlal Nehru University
